![]() ![]() The two thalamic circuits also had distinct input patterns, with mediodorsal thalamus receiving innervation from a diverse set of cortical areas. ![]() Structurally, geniculate axons innervated excitatory cortical targets in a preferential manner and with larger synaptic terminals, providing a putative explanation for functional divergence. Equivalent enhancement of medial geniculate excitability robustly drove auditory cortical excitation. Enhancing excitability of mediodorsal thalamus, an associative structure, resulted in prefrontal activity dominated by inhibition. Is this structure-function relationship distinct from that of sensory thalamocortical systems? Here, we systematically compared function and structure across a sensory and an associative thalamocortical loop in the mouse. Thalamic innervation of associative cortex targets several interneuron types, modulating dynamics and influencing plasticity. The thalamus engages in sensation, action, and cognition, but the structure underlying these functions is poorly understood.
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